August 1991
- 8/1/1991 [+] News from Kazakhstan, followed by interviews conducted in Almati relayed by telephone. With Darimbetov, Batirqan.
Qojakhmetov discusses the future of Jeltoqsan Party, need for a national labor party; need to keep distant from Moscow; letter from former Communist Party members on why they renounced membership. Jumaqulov talks of railroad workers' anti-nuclear protest, calls for demonstration. Erghaliy discusses Azat Party in northern Kazakhstan; need for a new democratic party; current issues; planned nuclear tests in Senney; Oral Cossack problem.
- 8/2/1991 [+] News from Kazakhstan, interspersed with interviews conducted in Almati, relayed by telephone. With Darimbetov, Batirqan.
Government officials' lack of concern for public and refusal to ban nuclear testing; comparison of political situation in Kazakhstan and Mongolia; places where Mongolian Kazakhs are being resettled, progress of resettlement; need for resettlement committee to oversee things.
- 3 Aug. 1991} [+] Interview held in RL Studios, Munich.
Shakhanov talks about plight of the Aral Sea, environmental destruction; on visit to Kazakhs and other Turkistanis in Germany and elsewhere; description of trip and itinerary; importance of Aral Sea to Kazakhs; plans for saving it; Soviet's ulterior motive for diverting Siberian rivers to Aral Sea; culpability in Aral Sea disaster.
- 8/4/1991 [+] Interview held in RL Studios, Munich.
Development and first appearance of unofficial groups; resistance to nuclear testing; lack of official government support; pro-Russian groups; Nazarbaev's trouble with Tatar "government"; question of joining proposed Federation with Russia; Kazakh's relations with other ethnic groups, political volatility.
- 8/5/1991 [+] Part II of above interview (#99)
Discussion of religion; effect of 70 years of atheism, religious revival, opinions of Ratbek Qaji, Kazakhs' ignorance of own religion; alphabet issue; Oljas Suleymenov's political problems and poem about him.
- 8/6/1991 [+] Second half of above interview (100a).
Discussion of religion; effect of 70 years of atheism, religious revival, opinions of Ratbek Qaji, Kazakhs' ignorance of own religion; alphabet issue; Oljas Suleymenov's political problems and poem about him.
- 8/6/1991 [+] News from Kazakhstan
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- 8/7/1991 [+] Interview conducted in Almati, relayed by telephone. With Sabdalin, Qiyal.
Qadirbaeva describes her organization's history, lack of government support, purpose; political situation in Oral oblast-criticism of Cossacks; arming of Cossacks and territorial claims.
- 8/8/1991 [+] Part 2 of above interview (102a). With Sabdalin, Qiyal.
Rights of indigenous peoples and self-determination; letter of complaint to chariman of Oral oblas on Cossack problem; reaction to local resolution against Cossacks; threat of / promise of conflict.
- 8/9/1991 [+] Part 3 of above interview (102a). With Sabdalin, Qiyal.
Political / economic superiority of Russians and Oral situation; slave mentality among Kazakhs and privatization of land ownership; Kazakhs' right to the land and right to decide national issues; opposition to Federation membership; need to fight to perserve Kazakhs as a people.
- 8/10/1991 [+] News from Kazakhstan.
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- 8/11/1991 [+] Interview included in news report from Kazakhstan over telephone. With Darimbetov, Batirqan.
Nurlibaev reports on visit to Engbekshi district, from which Meshket Turks are being evicted due to the rape of a Kazakh woman. Reports and history of Meshket Turks there; rape incident; rage and protest of locals; call for peace.
- 8/11/1991 [+] Interviews conducted on the street in Almati. With Sabdalin, Qiyal.
Current events concerning hunger strike against Kazakhstan joining Federation; protest from government; purpose of strike, reasons for opposition to joining Federation. Aqataev describes attempted forced entry into Nazarbaev's press conference, criticizes him.
- 8/11/1991 [+] Interviews conducted on the street in Almati.
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- 8/12/1991 [+] Interviews conducted in Almati, relayed by telephone. With Sabdalin, Qiyal.
Journalists interviewed on recent press conference with Nazarbaev: praise for using Kazakh language; Nazarbaev's new book in Kazakh; on meeting with Chinese President; immigration of Kazakhs. Qabanbay praises Nazarbaev; devotion to Kazakh people, pride in him; describes his own interview with Nazarbaev on upcoming diplomatic visit to Turkey.
- 8/13/1991 [+] Interview conducted in Almati relayed by telephone. With Sabdalin, Qiyal.
Nusipjan uli discusses Nazarbaev's recent press conference: a "momentous occasion"; report on China visit; Kazakhstan as Asian country; Nazarbaev a great leader, need for same by Kazakhs; Kazakhs abroad and their duty to return to and help the homeland; criticism of name change policies, economic reform, need for more Kazakh government officials.
- 8/14/1991 [+] News report including interview held in Almati, relayed by telephone. With Darimbetov, Batirqan.
Nazarbaev and press conference; stance towards Communist Party; nuclear test plans; incidents of disease from nuclear testing. Kenebaev a native of nuclear testing area, describes cancer in family; stories of sickness among animals; birth defects; desiccation of local springs and vegetation.
- 8/18/1991 [+] RL Programming, followed by news from Kazakhstan
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- 8/18/1991 [+] Interviews conducted in Almati relayed by telephone. With Sabdalin, Qiyal.
Aqataev likens signing Federation treaty to Abilaykhan's 1737 treaty with Russians; praise and criticism for Yeltsin; two-facedness of Nazarbaev; petition opposing treaty. Hunger strikers: need for Kazakh independence from Moscow; opposition to Federation. Passerby asked about the hunger strikers' right to pitch yurt during protest.
- 8/19/1991 [+] Interviews conducted on street in Almati, relayed by telephone. With Sabdalin, Qiyal.
Sabdalin asks about people's opinions on whether to close nuclear testing sites or not; Nevada-Semey Anti-Nuclear Movement's Activities for opposition to tests; demonstrations called for as opposed to march on site; support for protest.
- 8/20/1991 [+] "Interview" consists of Sabdalin's recording of Nazarbaev's address on television. Sound quality poor.
Nazarbaev describes meeting with cabinet over steps to take concerning coup in Moscow; asks people to remain calm and peaceful as well as patient.
- 8/21/1991 [+] "Interview" consists of Sabdalin reading an appeal from the Azat Popular Front to Kazakhstan people; relayed by telephone from Almati. With Sabdalin, Qiyal.
Division of loyalty in Kazakhstan; coverage in press of demonstrations. Azat's appeal: denounces coup as anti-democratic, calls for peace; need for unity and solidarity; petitions government to stand firm against the coup.
- 8/21/1991 [+] Sabdalin reads appeal from Committee to UN; relayed by telephone from Almati.
Appeal includes: steps toward democracy in Kazakhstan praised; criticism of Soviet constitution; support for Nazarbaev; denunciation of military coup, its members. Senbin, just returned from Moscow, reports on coup supporters' stance toward newly independent governments; Kazakh independence in danger; need for unity, support for Yeltsin; characterisation of coup as "imperialist" and "facist"; need to stand firm against anti-democratic forces.
- 8/25/1991 [+] Interview conducted in Almati, relayed by telephone. With Darimbetov, Batirqan.
Quwanishjayinov gives reasons for leaving the Party: lack of confidence and mistrust, failure to change with the times and serve Kazakhstan; Kazakh genocide in the Soviet era; need for independent party working for the people; shortcomings of present parties; harm of phoney "internationalism"; Kazakhstan immature as a country: indecisive, no army; contradiction in joining proposed Federation.
- 8/25/1991 [+] Part II of above "discussion" (120a) with Sabdalin, Qiyal.
Importance of leadership; opinions on Gorabachaev's future; support for democratic movements; need for own national guard; need to produce own policies; lack of leadership by Communist Party.
- 8/28/1991 [+] Interview conducted in Almati, relayed by telephone. Wwith Sabdalin, Qiyal.
Aqataev claims that the Soviet Union is not dead; Communist Party still alive; criticizes Nazarbaev for indecision; constantly changing political situation; what Nazarbaev should do; threat of totalitarian Russian leadership; chief demands made on Nazarbaev by Azat Party; thoughts on parliament; proposal of Kazakh parliament, seperate government and state.
- 8/28/1991 [+] Attempted "roundtable discussion" actually a series of monologues; conducted in Almati, relayed by telephone. With Sabdalin, Qiyal.
Members of group voice opinions on a range of topics, including: opposition to Federation membership; loyalty during coup attempt, criticism of Nazarbaev; demographic makeup and political disunity; hunger strike; demonstration for true independence: need for own army, self-determination; issues for upcoming parlimentary session.
- 8/29/1991 [+] Interviews conducted in Almati, relayed by telephone. With Sabdalin, Qiyal.
Interviewws relate on what transpired in Kazakhstan during the coup, Nazarbaev's actions;persent activities, issues; relations between Nazarbaev and coup supporters; future situation; need for diplomats to perpare for future benefits to signing Federation treaty.
- 8/30/1991 [+] News from Kazakhstan, followed by street interviews and report by Musa. Conducted in Almati relayed by telephone. With Sabdalin, Qiyal.
Passerby asked opinions on political events following coup attempt: criticism of Communist Party; need for aid from Kazakhs living abroad; time to strive for freedom; Kazakhstan belongs to Kazakhs. Musa reports on Almati-Helsinki-Paris activities on banning nuclear tests; reads decree by Nazarbaev on closing Semey proving grounds.
- 8/31/1991 [+] News from Kazakhstan followed by interview conducted in Almati, relayed by telephone. Interviews referred to as "part one" of the series. With Darimbetov, Batirqan.
Interviewees give thoughts on Federation/Confederation membership, criticises Nazarbaev's position; anti-separtist movements and issues of territory; fate of Communist Party; Nazarbaev's reaction to coup attempt and indecision. Ospanov gives reasons for leaving the Party.
- 8/31/1991 [+] Nazarbaev interviewed briefly while leaving press conference in Almati. Sound quality very poor. With Sabdalin, Qiyal.
Nazarbaev is asked if he listens to RL and if he would give RL accredidation in Kazakhstan: Nazarbaev gives thanks to RL, says he will prepare the way for it.
- Aug. 1991 [+] Interview conducted in RL Studios, Munich. With Sabdalin, Qiyal.
Aliqulov describes fellowship received to do research in Germany; present research; foreign study opportunities for Kazakhs; importance of learning English; reasons for backwardness of Soviet scholarship; advice to young Kazakhs to improve opportunities.